If seeking a deeper understanding on buffers and their use within HPLC and LC-MS, refer to the articles in references 3-6. References: [1] Solubility of Buffers in Aqueous–Organic Eluents for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography, Adam P. Schellinger and Peter W. Carr, LCGC North America Volume 22 Number 6 June 2004